The house-elves’, goblins’, and giants' situations and desire for rights and recognition draws on the history of chattel slavery (in the case of the house-eves) and, more generally, on the historical and current practice of white society discriminating against minorities through both formal and informal channels. Like Fudge does with Voldemort, Chamberlain tried to ignore Hitler's rise to power and avoid going to war, ultimately without success. Rowling has admitted that Cornelius Fudge and the Ministry in this book are modeled after Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of England, in the years before World War II. The rise of Voldemort and his Death Eaters (and in particular, their insistence on promoting a world made up of pure-blooded wizards only) mimics that of the Nazis in Germany in the early 20th century.

While the Wizarding world is entirely fictional, Rowling draws on a number of historical events and practices to build and expand Harry's world. She’s published several crime novels under the pen name Robert Galbraith and has written the screenplays for the films in the Fantastic Beasts franchise. In 2004 she became the first billionaire to make her fortune writing books, though her donations to charity mean that she's since lost her billionaire status. She also remarried in 2001 and had two more children. auction for the publishing rights allowed Rowling to buy a flat in Edinburgh and over the next ten years, Rowling wrote and published the next six books in the series. She finished Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 1995 and after its publication in 1997, Rowling began her rise to fame. Over the next few years, Rowling married, had her first daughter, divorced, and signed up for welfare benefits.

Rowling's mother died in December of that year, and Rowling channeled much of her grief into the novel. She conceived of the first Harry Potter book in 1990 and began to write immediately. She graduated from the University of Exeter in 1986 and then worked as a researcher and a secretary in London. She was the first of two children and has said that she was a very unhappy teen: her mother suffered from multiple sclerosis and her relationship with her father was strained. Rowling's father was an aircraft mechanic and her mother was a science technician.

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